ephemeris ∘
January 20, 1831José María Heredia, initiator of the patriotic and revolutionary poetic tradition in Cuba, who, according to José Martí, “awakened in his soul the inextinguishable passion for freedom”, found himself involved in the conspiracy of the suns and rays of Bolívar because of his political ideas, as the latter attempt to gain independence was revealed. As a refugee in a friend’s home, he managed to escape to the United States, where he was sentenced to death in absentia by the Spanish colonial government. From exile he continued to nurture his libertarian desires. ∘
January 20, 1907World fame was gained in 1869 by the discovery of the law of periods, which paved the way for knowledge of the structure of atoms and their nuclei, and, moreover, laid the foundation for a new era in the development of science, chemistry and other related sciences such as atomic physics, geochemistry or chemistry the earth’s crust and cosmic chemistry. Mendeleev did a lot to increase the productive forces, exploit natural resources and prosper in Russia’s chemical industry. He died at the age of 73. ∘
January 20, 1925Abelardo Estorino was born in Unión de Reyes in the province of Matanzas. It occupies a prominent place in the history of the performing arts in Cuba. The decade of the 1960s is an important period in his work. Two anthologies published by the Letras Cubanas publishing house bring together his major works: Teatro, Critics’ Award 1984, and Vagos Rumors y otros obras, with the same award in 1999. The 1980s culminated with two new works in his repertoire: Que el diablo accompany you (1987) and Worries Know How to Swim (1989). Segismundo Award for Best Text at II Monologue Festival. Estorino has received numerous awards of varying magnitudes throughout his career, including the Cuban Culture Award and the 1992 National Prize for Literature. In 2002 he received the National Theater Award. ∘
January 20, 1973African leader Amílcar Cabral is assassinated by treacherous soldiers recruited by Portuguese colonialism. He was one of the most celebrated founding leaders of the African nationality. He was a founding member of the Center for African Studies in 1948 and Secretary General of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde in 1956. Greatest political and military leader, revolutionary of the so-called Portuguese Guinea. He hailed guerrilla warfare as a fundamental way to liberate his people from Portuguese colonialism. It did not focus on the anti-colonial struggle in Guinea-Bissau, but extended it to the Cape Verde archipelago. As an architect of internal unity, he opposed the tribal, religious, and regional tendencies that divided his country. Expelled from Bissau in 1955 for his political ideas, he joined the organization and struggle of the independence movement in Angola. He later organized the African Party for Independence (PAI), which later took the name of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC). He always maintained all the clarity, revolutionary, anti-imperialist, anti-colonialist ideology, against apartheid and all forms of racism and discrimination that existed in sub-Saharan Africa at the time. The principles he defended touched on imperialist interests. That’s why they decided to remove it. The Portuguese recruited treacherous soldiers who ended his life. He was born on September 12, 1924 in Bafatá.